In 2016, South Africa's Ombudsman Thuli Madonsela published a report revealing a vast system of corruption at the highest level of the state. She dubbed the phenomenon "State Capture". After trying at all costs to prevent its publication, then-President Jacob Zuma was forced to resign in 2018. A member of the African National Congress (ANC), Nelson Mandela's party, the deposed leader refused to testify before the commission of inquiry that incriminated him, while the malfeasance continued.